The two main ways of measuring attachment are separation protest and stranger anxiety.
Separation protest measures how upset a child becomes when left by primary caregivers. If an attachment is formed, they show high levels of distress such as
- sobbing
- searching
- reaching
If no attachment is formed, little emotion is seen on separation
Stranger anxiety is how afraid a child is in the presence of a stranger. If there is an attachment, the child shows fear through
- screaming
- trying to get away
- appearing tense
If no attachment is formed, little emotion is seen.
There are three types of attachment.
- Secure attachment - when a child and caregiver have a relationship based on trust and security, and the child wishes to interact with the caregiver
- Insecure avoidant attachment - When a child and caregiver have a relationship in which the child is quite independent of the caregiver
- Insecure ambivalent attachment - When a child and caregiver have a relationship in which the child can be cling and demands, yet awkward with the caregiver at the same time
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